2. Shao, K. T., and J. P. Chen (1986) The New Records of Cardinalfishes from Taiwan, with a Synopsis of the Family Apogonidae. Journ. Taiwan Museum, 39(2):61-104
3. Randall, J. E., G. R. Allen and R. C. Steene (1990) Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
4. Randall, J. E. (2005) Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. i-xii + 1-707.
形態特徵:
體長圓而側扁。頭大。吻長。眼大。D. VII+I,9;A. II,8; P. 13; Ll. 28;Pred.S. 3;GR.(7-8)+(19-21);BD. 2.2-2.4,HL.2.4-2.6 in SL;ED. 2.6-2.7 in head。自眼睛下緣到前鰓蓋角之頰部有一三角形黑帶;尾柄有一馬鞍形之黑塊,其下緣擴散到側線或超過;第一背鰭頂端、第二背鰭前面和尾鰭上下葉邊緣顏色暗。以前所記載之魔鬼天竺鯛(A. fuscus)為本種之誤鑑。