2.Nakabo, T. (ed.). 2013. Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Third Edition. Tokyo: Tokai University Press. 2428 pp
3.Shao, K.-T., 1997. A checklist of fishes recorded in Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan. Unpublished database, version of April 1997.
形態特徵:
背鰭軟條數11-14;臀鰭軟條數27-30;胸鰭條數9-10; 腹鰭軟條數:7-8; 無脂鰭;第一鰓弓之鰓耙數19-22;脊椎骨數:40-41. 發光器排列: ORB 1;SO 1; OP 3; BR 9; IV 15-16; VAV 4-5; AC 17-19; IC 41-43; OA 13-15;體色黑色,體側略泛銀色。所有鰭膜為黑褐色,表面有黑色斑點。(20151216李茂熒、林沛立編寫)