1.Wheeler, A., 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p
2.Nakabo, T. (ed.). 2013. Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Third Edition. Tokyo: Tokai University Press. 2428 pp
形態特徵:
胸鰭條數:3-5;腹鰭軟條數:6;背鰭軟條數:14-20;臀鰭軟條數:17-23;脊椎骨數:2+ (45-51);發光器排列:IV 0, VAV 0, AC 0, OV 0, VAL 0。不具下頜鬚,頭相對延長,體長為頭長的3.1-4.1倍。身體相對粗短且體色呈暗褐色,背鰭和臀鰭被表皮包覆。(2015/12/16李茂熒、林沛立編寫)